counterpart=a person or thing that is similar to another in a different country or organization
frugal=spending little mney and only on things that are really necessary
pristine=which looks very clean, tidy or new
account
To account for means "to give an explanation or reason for something."
on account of = because of
by all accounts = according to what everyone says (, french is a difficult language to learn)
to take into account/take account of sth/ take sth into consideration
on sb's account= Please, don't stay home on my account.
on no account
The president is accountable for actions that affect the public.
She appeared to be in a reflective mood.
represent=to symbolize
representation= a likeness of
representative=typical
representative (n) who represents
distinct=clear , unmistakable
To the untrained eye, all pigeons look alike, but to ornithologists and birdwatchers,
the distinctiveness of each species is clearly apparent. Not only does each
species have distinctive markings, but each species also makes a distinctive sound. A
distinction is made between pigeons and doves on the basis of size, but there is no real
difference between the two kinds of birds. In general, the larger species are referred to
as pigeons and the smaller ones as doves.
uniformly dark in appearance

some diseases are inherited
through biological heredity
an heir = a person who inherits money/property upon the death of another person
When Tim was named the heir to his grandfather's collection of Chinese art, he decided to learn more about his Chinese heritage.

to inundate = to provide much more of sth than so can easily dealt with = We've been inundated with calls

deity = a god
leap year = l'année bissextile (366)

vernal equinox

= équinoxe de printemps

evenly= in an equal way

look before you leap

v

il faut réfléchir avant d'agir

heavenly=in/from heaven, informal-extremely nice, enjoyable , or beautiful

heavenly kingdom (religion)

nm

royaume des cieux (religion ) Królestwo Boże

I highly regard my ..
I have a high regard for...
Regardless of means "without concern for" or "despite."
Mary continued smoking regardless of the doctor's advice.
The observance of Easter is of religious importance to Christians.

unaffected=sincere and natural in your behaviour = genuine,
the sudden decrease in sales was not foreseen/anticipated/predicted
this business thrived/progressed/prospered during the summer months

work around We can work around your schedule so that you will
work at The only reason I speak French so well is that I really work at it.
work in
To fit into a schedule, especially a busy schedule. Yes, Mr. Schmitz, it looks like we can
work you in at 1:30 today for an appointment.
b) To blend into or add gradually, especially using your hands. After you make the dough
you have to work in the other ingredients until everything is blended.
c) To add or introduce, especially a topic in a conversation. / wanted to talk about the
money Dan owed me, but I couldn't work it into the conversation.
work on
To focus on something, to do something attentively. He just may be up
all night working on this report.
work out
To work to resolve a problem, especially in cooperation with someone else. Ray
and Jolene are seeing a marriage counselor to try to work out their marital
problems.

to give sb a hand = to help him out
to dress down /in causal clothes/ or - to dress up (to put on clothes that are more formal than the clothes you usually wear)
it's blue Monday :(
it was the tough course but we stick it out!
headhunter = chasseur m de têtes.
inception
incentive
This student lacks incentive. - Cet étudiant manque de motivation.

1. to give sb the incentive to do sth= donner envie à qn de faire;
   2. there is no incentive for people to save = rien n'incite les gens à faire des économies;

entice = to persuade sb to do sth by offering them an advantage
transitive verb (with offer, charms, prospects) attirer;
(with food, money) appâter.

Not too long ago, U.S. banks were offering incentives to entice clients into using ATM
machines.

Pay back.
a) To pay someone money that is owed. Don't I always pay you back when I borrow
money from you?
b) To get revenge for something. Hannah finally paid her brother back for a joke he'd
played on her ten years earlier.
Pay down.
a) To pay money in order to decrease a debt. It takes a long time to pay down the interest
on credit card debt.
b) To pay a portion of the total price at the time of a purchase and to agree to pay the rest
in installments. (Also: put down.) We'll have to pay $1500 down on a new car and then
make payments for five years.
Pay off.
a) To pay a debt in full. Tom paid off his student loans after 15 years.
b) To bribe someone. Mr. Fallows is paying off the building inspectors so they overlook the
violations they find.
pay sth in=to put money into your bank account
Pay out.
To distribute money or wages. Your insurance plan will pay out if you are injured on the
job.
Pay up.
To pay money owed, as for a bet or a bill. Ok. you lost. Pay up!

-pay sb a compliment
-pay your way

TRIOS ;)

appreciated

1. Though the movie was widely ...... across the country, the sales were a disappointment for the studio.

2. For a woman to get …………………………in the business world seems to be a tall order in predominantly male environment.

3. This web site was shut down soon after the Internet provider realized it ………………………..extreme views inciting violence.

blow

1. It was one of the gang's members that ……………………… the agent's cover as he'd seen him in uniform before.

2. Feeling tired, Lind put away the book,……………………… out the candle and went to sleep.

3. Separatists…………………… up several bridges in the province sending a violent message to the capital.

support

1. The latest evidence doesn't……………………….. the initial assumptions. We need to change the way we've thought about the process.

2. I'm really grateful to you for your affection and ………………………..I received throughout the recovery.

3. Chris had to work hard as he had a wife and three children to …………………………….. .

notice

1. I didn't know about her problems. They never came to my …………………

2. The ……………………… on the wall of the building said 'No entry'.

3. It is next to impossible to organize relief at such short ……………… . We need some more time to make it work.

eye

1. When in the pub, Frank usually ………………………..up attractive girls sitting at the tables which makes his wife see red.

2. I'm sorry I'm so busy at the moment. I'm up to my…………………. in work.

3. You've got to be very careful doing business with that Russian. He's a bit fishy. I advise you to have ……………………… in the back of your head.

empty

1. I'll tell you something, Jane. Never trust men. They only offer …………………… promises which they don't keep.

2. Despite his achievements, the athlete strongly believed that his life was ………………….. and devoid of any purpose whatsoever.

3. Did the customs officers really ask you to …………………….. your pockets and show their contents?

sign

1. Would you be so kind as to………………….. on the dotted line? I need to have your consent in black and white.

2. After much deliberation, the president decided to…………………….. the new legislation into law.

3. It took Miriam only a few days to learn the rudiments of ………………. language to help the deaf.

1. The country prides itself on having the most national parks and ……………………….reserves in the world and has often been given as an example for others to follow.

2. Fiona gave the ………………………away when she began giggling behind his back. This made him suspicious.

3. They were sitting in the armchairs hunching over the desk and playing a …………………… of chess.

shadow

1. He planned to stay in the box with 1000 scorpions for three months, an act which was supposed to put all the other entertainers in the ………………… .

2. When the sun reached its zenith, they wanted to find some ……………………. to escape from its scorching rays.

3. The artist uses a combination of light and …………………….. in his drawings to highlight certain recurring cycles in our lives.

course

1. The grass on the golf ……………………… was perfectly groomed and beckoned those willing to have a game that morning.

2. The GP prescribed a ……………………….. of injections that was to stop the spread of the infection.

3. After an aggressive advertising campaign, the university saw a steady flow of candidates enrolling on the ……………………….

1 We must take as much advantage as possible of any opportunity to speak English.
most
We have to MAKE the most of any opportunity to
speak English.

2 Honestly, I don’t mind where we go for our summer holidays.
matter
Honestly, it doesn't matter to me where we go
for our summer holidays.

3 Could you speak English when you were younger?
able
When you were younger,were you able to
speak English?

4 What’s the answer to sixteen minus eight?
away
If you take away eight from sixteen, what’s the
answer?

5 Three hundred students entered the swimming competition last year.
part
Three hundred students took part in the
swimming competition last year.

6 The students will finish their English course at the end of June.
have
The English course will have finised by the
beginning of July.

7 There will be no more oil available in this area in 2030.
run
Oil supplies in this area will (have) run out by
the year 2031.

8 My sister doesn’t like computer games very much.
keen
My sister isn't very keen on computer games.

9 ‘Did you eat the chocolates?’ Maria said to Peter.
asked
Maria asked Peter if he had eaten the chocolates.

10 Bob hadn’t seen his uncle for several years.
gone
After several years had gone by, Bob saw
his uncle again.

11 I needed a cup of coffee this morning but I didn’t have time for one.
done
I could have done with a cup of coffee this
morning but I didn’t have time for one.

12 I’m not going to tolerate this untidiness any longer.
up
I have no intention of putting up with this
untidiness any longer.

13 We went for a walk although it was raining yesterday.
spite
We went for a walk in spite of the rain
yesterday.

14 I’m sure it will be raining tomorrow.
bound
It is bound to be raining tomorrow.

15 Could I borrow some change for the telephone?
lend
Could you lend me some change for the
telephone?

16 It’s ages since my sister and I had an argument.
out
My sister and I haven't fallen out for ages.

17 We are friends although we have disagreements about some things.
despite
We are friends despite the fact that we disagree
about some things.

18 Has John caught a cold?
down
Can you tell me if john has come down with
a cold?

19 I was really bored by the film last night.
found
I found the film really boring last night.

20 I think it’s time the children went to bed now.
had
I think the children had better go to bed
now.

21 The problem we were faced with was a serious one.
came
The problem we came up against was a
serious one.

22 It was a mistake not to apply for the job.
wish
I wish I 'd applied for the job.

23 Being rich has no connection with being happy.
nothing
Being rich has nothing to do with being happy.

24 I can’t wait to see the sights in London.
forward
I am waiting forward to seeing the sights in London.

25 The tourist trade is much better now than it was last month.
picked
The tourist trade has picked up noticeably
since last month.

26 Governments should preserve all the world’s languages.
ought
All the world’s languages ought to be preserved by
governments.

27 The tennis players’ match is still going on.
finished
The tennis players haven't finished the match yet.

28 What time does your plane land tomorrow?
when
Can you tell when your plane lands tomorrow?

29 The family always spent their holidays climbing in the mountains.
used
The family’s holidays used to be spent
climbing in the mountains.

30 Physical exercise won’t hurt you if you are careful.
do
Physical exercise won’t do you any harm if
you are careful.

31 How does a rock climber differ from a mountaineer?
between
What is the difference between a rock climber and a
mountaineer?

32 This new dining table is bigger than the one we had before.
not
The dining table we had before was not as big as
this new one.

33 It was not a good idea for you to refuse the offer of that job.
down
You should not have turned down the offer of that job.

34 My teacher suggested that I spent the summer in England.
advised
My teacher advised me to spend the summer in
England.

35 The film is not as interesting as the novel was.
much
The novel is much more interesting than the film.

36 Will your neighbours look after your dog when you go away?
take
Do you know if your neighbours
will take care of your dog when you go away?

37 Tom, wouldn’t it be a good idea to take the students swimming tomorrow?
how
Tom, how about taking the students
swimming tomorrow?

38 Miss Jones first came to teach us a month ago.
for
Miss Jones has been teaching us for a month now.

39 We are noticing a rise in the cost of living again.
appears
The cost of living appears to be rising again.

40 While we were going home, we had an accident.
way
We were on our way to home when we had an
accident.

41 I’m worried about that bruise on your hand.
look
I don’t like the look of that bruise on your hand.

42 Susan has had no success with her plans to work abroad, unfortunately.
through
Susan’s plans to work abroad have fallen through ,
unfortunately.

43 ‘Don’t forget to phone tomorrow,’ said my mother.
told
My mother told me not to forget to phone the
next day.

44 ‘Did anyone notice anything unusual?’ asked the police officer.
if
The police officer wanted to know if anyone had noticed
anything unusual.

45 Whatever you do, don’t lift that heavy suitcase.
up
I’d advise you not to pick up that heavy
suitcase.

46 Maybe John has not remembered about tonight’s party.
could
I suppose John could have forgotten about
tonight’s party.

47 You should not think that the accident was your fault.
blame
It would be wrong to blame yourself for the
accident.

48 I am sure Maria finds reading interesting because she has lots of books.
must
Maria must be interested in reading because she
has lots of books.

49 I hope you were not discouraged by Sandra from going to the concert.
put
I hope Sandra didn't put you off going to the
concert.

50 I have been to this restaurant three times now.
time
This is the third time I have been to this
restaurant now.

51 I am so exhausted that I won’t be able to go out tonight.
too
I too exhausted to go out tonight.

52 The runners had a difficult time competing in the race.
part
The runners who took part in the race
had a difficult time.

53 Do you know when the race is being held next year?
place
When is the race taking place next year?

54 It will be necessary to send this letter first class.
have
This letter have to be sent first class.

55 ‘Are you waiting to be served?’ said the waitress to me.
asked
The waitress asked me if I was waiting to be
served.

56 Buying those jeans was not a sensible thing for me to do yesterday.
only
If only I had not bought those jeans yesterday.


57 The owner established the company in 2001.
up
The company was set up by the owner in 2001.

58 We booked seats but it was not necessary because there was plenty of room.
booked
We needn't have booked seats because there was
plenty of room.

59 It is difficult for Paul to decide what to do.
mind
Paul finds it difficult to make up his mind what to do.

60 Bad weather delayed the building project for several weeks.
set
The building project was set BACK for
several weeks by the bad weather.

61 Sara cleaned every bit of her room before her cousin came to stay.
top
Sara cleaned her room from top to bottom
before her cousin came to stay.

62 Travelling by bus is cheaper than travelling by train.
more
Travelling by train is more expensive than travelling
by bus.

63 Leaving school made me realise that my childhood was over.
brought
Leaving school brought it home to me that my
childhood was over.

64 I never find time to tidy my desk.
round
I never get round to tidying my desk.

65 Please behave as if you are in your own house during your stay.
make
I’d like you all to make yourselves at home during
your stay.

66 I am not tall enough to reach the top of this cupboard.
taller
If I were taller, I would reach the top of this
cupboard.

67 I’d like you to connect me to the managing director’s extension number.
through
Could you put me through to the managing
director’s extension number?

68 To tell the truth, we need a swimming pool for this school.
what
To tell the truth,what we need is a
swimming pool for this school.

69 Do you know whose this umbrella is, by any chance?
belongs
Do you know who this umbrella belongs to, by any chance?

70 Was it Paul’s idea to go to the cinema?
came
Was it Paul who came up with the idea of going
to the cinema?

71 The boats began to move slowly out of the harbour.
way
The boats slowly made their way out of the
harbour.

72 One runner did not succeed in finishing the race.
able
One runner wasn't able to finish the race.

73 It is not my fault that the glass broke.
blame
You cannot blame me for breaking the glass.

74 I am starting to find watching television boring.
fed
I am beginning to get fed up with watching
television.

75 Bad weather makes me feel really unhappy in the winter.
down
Bad weather really gets me down in the winter.

76 Fog delayed my flight to Moscow this morning.
up
My flight to Moscow was held up by fog this
morning.

77 Help was urgently needed in the flooded area of the country.
need
They were in urgent need of help in the flooded
area of the country.

78 I went to Italy with the intention of learning Italian.
that
I went to Italy so that I could learn Italian.

79 Remember to return the videos you have rented.
back
Don’t forget to bring/take back the videos you have
rented.

80 While we were going home yesterday we got caught in a thunderstorm.
way
We got caught in a thunderstorm while we were
on our way home yesterday.

81 Has Mary altered her decision about moving to the countryside?
mind
Do you know if Mary has changed her mindabout
moving to the countryside?

82 I’d like Kevin to stop telling me what to do.
wish
I wish Kevin would stop telling me what to do!

83 ‘Are you pleased it’s nearly half-term?’ said the teacher to us.
know
The teacher wanted to know if we were pleased
it was nearly half-term.

84 We are earning less than we are spending, I’m afraid.
expenditure
Our expenditure is greater than our income, I’m afraid.

85 I don’t think having luxuries in life is necessary.
necessity
I don’t see any(the) necessity of having luxuries in life.

86 I don’t earn anything like the amount I did before.
nowhere
I earn nowhere near as much as I did before.

87 The date for the Barcelona Conference is the 23rd of March.
place
The Barcelona Conference takes place ON
the 23rd of March.

88 The house was not very attractive in appearance when we first saw it.
much
The house was not much to look at when we
first saw it.

89 No-one wants to buy this type of music any more.
longer
There is no longer any demand for this type of music.

90 Looking back, I think I was right to study mathematics at university.
regret
Looking back, I don't regret studying mathematics
at university.

91 Our spending will have to be reduced next year.
back
We will have to cut back on our spending
next year.

92 The children were absolutely certain that the film would be fantastic.
doubt
There was no doubt in the minds of the children
that the film would be fantastic.

93 Did anyone raise the subject of the school trip?
brought
Can you tell me if anyone brought up the subject
of the school trip?

94 I started learning English three years ago.
been
I ' ve been learning English for three years.

95 They are moving our oral examination to an earlier date.
forward
Our oral examination is being moved forward to an
earlier date.

96 ‘Do you want to go for a walk?’ asked Bob.
felt
Bob asked me if I felt like going for a walk.


97 Olivia did not concentrate so she made a lot of mistakes.
would
If Olivia had concentrated she would have made fewer mistakes.

98 Do you happen to know the time of the next train to London?
could
I wonder if you could tell me the time of the
next train to London.

99 The children are always fascinated by nature programmes on TV.
find
The children find always nature prohrammes fascinating when they
watch them on TV.

100 ‘What about going for a swim?’ said John to me.
should
John said we should go for a swim.

1 They’re going to get rid of all these small shops when they build the new supermarket.
with
They’re going to do away with all these small shops when they build the new supermarket.

2 It’s your decision whether we stay in or go out.
up
It’s up to you whether we stay in or go out.

3 I know I’ve done really badly in that test.
mess
I know I’ve really made a mess of that test.

4 Jerry and his boss work really well together.
relationship
Jerry has a really good relationship with his colleagues.


5 I think that I’m going to win this competition.
feeling
I .have a/the feeling that I’m going to win this competition.

6 My parents don’t think my ideas are important at all.
seriously
My parents don’t take my ideas seriously at all.

7 Jill doesn’t often walk to college.
unusual
It’s unusual for Jill towalk to college.

8 My grandmother always found the new coins strange when the euro was introduced.
used
My grandmother never got used to the new coins when the euro was introduced.

9 My dad always talks when I’m watching my favourite TV programme.
habit
My dad has a habit OF talking when I’m watching my favourite TV programme.


10 I usually say exactly what I’m thinking.
tendency
I have a tendancy to say exactly what I’m thinking.

1 If she hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t have finished the decorating.
able
If she hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t HAVE BEEN able to finish the decorating.

2 I won’t lend you my skirt unless you promise to look after it.
if
I won’t lend you my skirt if you don't promise to look after it.

3 Jim said he would tidy the house only if Ruth helped him.
not
Jim said he would not tide the house unless Ruth helped him.

4 I didn’t feel hungry, despite missing dinner.
even
I didn’t feel hungry,even though I had missed dinner.

5 Carmen regretted not visiting her grandmother more while she was alive.
wished
Carmen wished she had visited her grandmother more while she was alive.

6 You might become rich, but you still wouldn’t be happy.
even
You wouldn’t be happy even if you became rich.

7 Don became very wealthy by selling used cars.
fortune
Don made a/his fortune FROM selling used cars.

8 Kira didn’t say anything about her illness last night.
made
Kira made no mention of/ made no reference to her illness last night.

9 Hal found something unexpectedly when he cleared out the attic.
discovery
Hal made an unexpected discovery when he cleared out the attic.

10 I didn’t want to create difficulties for Robin by mentioning our disagreement.
cause
I didn’t want to cause Robin a problem/ any problems by mentioning our disagreement.

some voca

1) to be cited - to be summoned to appear in court.
->The police could cite you for ittering if you throw trash out of your car.

2)to be indicted - to be charged with a crime.
->R.Hayward was indicted for espionage when..

3)ordinance-(fr. ordonnance (règle loi) ) = a law/regulation , usually passed by a local government.
->The city council passed an ordinance permetting the use of marijuana by cancer patients.

4)clemency - a lesser penalty than what a court originally suggested.
->thinking that R.Smith had suffered enough for the crime he committed, the judge granted him clemency and gave him a shorter prison sentence.

5)To induce. To influence someone to do something. Robbie's older brother induced him to steal mondey from their parents.

6)To solicit. To ask for something of value, usually money. Raymond got a job soliciting
money for his political party.

7)Waiver. A document that gives up a right or grants unusual permission to someone
else. Juan signed a waiver giving his doctor the right to send his medical records to his
insurance company. (=dokument zrzeczenia się )

8)Custody. Having legal guardianship of a child or children, often part of a divorce
settlement. When the Camerons divorced, Mrs. Cameron received custody of both
children, and her husband won weekend visitation rights.

9)Pamper. To give a lot of care and attention to someone. When Sally is depressed she
pampers herself with a shopping spree. *fr-choyer*

1E PHRASAL VERBS WITH PICK
Pick up.
a) To take something up off of a surface. Pick your coat up off the floor.
b) To meet and collect a person from a specific location. Who's going to pick Henry up at
the airport?
c) To buy something Jordan picked up some milk on the way home.
*Note that to pick up a person can also mean to meet someone, usually at a public place such as a bar or
night club, and to become sexually involved with him or her after spending only a short time together.
Pick out.
a) To select, to choose. Melissa picked out a shirt and brought it to the dressing room.
b) To separate from. If you break a wine glass, make sure you pick all of the glass out of the
carpet.
Pick over. (przebrać)
To take the best of something and leave what is not so good. The shirts have been on
sale so long that they've really been picked over.
Pick on.
To tease. My sisters and brothers always picked on me because I was the youngest.
Pick from.
To choose from a group of something. Mrs. Stefanson picked a new assistant from the
group of applicants for the job.
Pick at.
a) To take only very small amounts of food. Jessica ate almost everything on her plate, but
she only picked at her peas.
b) To scratch or irritate something, such as a cut or scrape. Don't pick at that cut! Let it heal.
Pick up on.
To understand something, especially something that isn't intended to be understood.
They spoke in Spanish in front of Dorothy, so she didn't pick up on what they were
talking about.
*Note that pick up, pick out, pick from, and pick over are separable. Billy picked out the raisins or Billy picked
them/the raisins out, but not Billy picked out them. Pick on, pick at, and pick up on are not separable.

PHRASAL VERBS WITH TURN
Turn around.
To go back in the opposite direction. Turn around! We just passed the theater.
Turn down.
a) To lower the power of something, such as lights or volume. Turn down the TV! It's too loud.
b) To enter a road, especially a secondary road thought of as leading to a lower place. You need to
turn down this road and continue to the bottom of the hill.
c) To refuse. It was a great job offer, but I had to turn it down because it was too much
work.
Turn in.
a) To leave a street or highway and enter a driveway, parking lot, etc. / think you can turn in here,
where the sign says PARK.
b) To go to bed. Lawrence usually turns in around 70.00 P.M. because he wakes up so early.
c) To give an assignment or paperwork to a boss or a teacher; to submit. Bethany turned in her
paper just as the professor was leaving.
d) To report someone to the police. When Robert heard about his brother's crimes, he turned him
in.
Turn into.
To become (used with nouns) Jason got a promotion and turned into a real jerk!
Turn off.
a) To stop an electronic device. Turn off the TV, because I can't sleep with it on.
b) To exit a road or freeway. / think you should turn off at the next exit.
c) To be unappealing. This music is horrible! It really turns me off.
Turn on.
a) To start an electronic device. Our show is on in two minutes, so turn on the TV.
b) To drive onto a street, highway, or freeway. Why don't we turn on this road and just see where it
goes?

FCE key word transformation practice 4

Saturday, March 7, 2009

FCE key word transformation practice 4

1. It looks as if she has been crying for hours.

seems She seems to have been crying for hours.

2. He didn't make any mistakes.

avoided He avoided making any mistakes.

3. We haven't been to the beach for weeks.

since It's weeks since we went to the beach.

4. The professor said that his assistant had given away the secret formula.

accused The professor accused his assistant of giving away the secret formula.

5. How long have you been studying French?

did When did you start learning French?

6. They are too young to stay out late.

enough They aren't old enough to to stay out late.

7. She doesn't see some of her friends any more.

touch She has been out of touch with some of her friends.

8. Car workers have refused to work for two days.

strike Car workers have been on strike for two days.

9. You don't seem to realise the risk iNvolved.

aware You don't seem to become aware of the risk involved.

10. You have access to every file except the red one.

only The only one you don't have access to is the red one.

11. They say a multinational company owns this mine.

said The mine is said to be owned by a multinational company.

12. It's not necessary to fax this today.

need There's no need to fax this today.

13. He took five minutes to fix the tap.

him It took him five minutes to fix the tap.

14. He felt happy after getting his results.

mood He was in a good mood after getting his results.

15. You should remove this old settee.

rid You should get rid out of this old settee.

16. The school closes for the holidays on December 23rd.

breaks The school breaks up for the holidays on December 23rd.

17. The detective is going to investigate the murder.

look The detective is going to look into the murder.

18. It's the nicest gift I've ever been given.

such I've never been given such a nice gift.

19. Perhaps they went the wrong way and got lost.

may They may have gone the wrong way and got lost.

20. I don't want to lend him any money.

rather I 'd rather not let him any money.

21. I'm sure they didn't plan this.

have They couldn't have planned this.

22. It was wrong of you to insult him.

have You shouldn't have insulted him.

23. There aren't any cakes left.

no There is no cake left.

24. I'm sure he knew all the details.

known He must have known all the details.

25. The plane left the ground at 10 o'clock sharp.

took The plane took off at 10 o'clock sharp.

26. It's very difficult to raise a child alone.

bring It's very difficult to bring up a child alone.

27. It wasn't necessary for you to come so early.

needn't You needn't have come so early.

28. Is it possible that he will win the race?

likely Is it likely for him to win the race?

29. He guarded the luggage while I bought the tickets.

eye He kept his eye on the luggage while I bought the tickets.

30. Your coat is like mine.

similar Your coat is similer to mine.

31. Bertha is the best cook of all.

other No other vook is as good as Bertha is.

32. Bill has read the same number of books as Jim.

many Jim has read as many books as Bill has.

33. Playing tennis is much more tiring than playing golf.

less Playing golf is much less tiring than playing tennis.

34. They started their journey early in the morning.

set They set off their journey early in the morning.

35. Jill's parents supported her when she failed her exams.

stood Jill's parents stood by her when she failed her exams.

36. Pat's hair has just been dyed by the hairdresser.

dyed Pat has his hair dyed by the hairdresser.

37. She woke up early because she wanted to catch the 5.30 train.

order She woke up early in order to catch the 5.30 train.

38. Did you get the electrician to have a look at the fridge ?

looked Did you get the fridge looked by the electrician?

39. I met an old friend quite unexpectedly this morning.

ran I ran into my friend this morning.

40. It was raining heavily all day yesterday.

rain It was a heavy rain all day yesterday.

41. It's possible that he won't stay any longer.

may He may not stay any longer.

42. People say he was dismissed last week.

have He is said to have been dismissed last week.

43. He becomes angry whenever people call him by his nickname.

temper He losts his temper whenever people call him by his nickname.

44. It was such an exciting film that we saw it twice.

so The film was so exciting that we saw it twice.

45. We were warned to beware of wild animals.

look We were warned to look out for wild animals.

46. I only managed to see the driver for a second.

glimpse I only took (gave?) a glimpse at the driver.

47. He didn't run fast enough to catch the bus.

too He ran too slowly to catch the bus.

48. They don't allow smoking in this area.

people They don't let people smoke in this area.

49. The coffee machine has stopped working again.

order The coffee machine is out of order again.
vocabulary from the reading (p.44):
-decked in jawels
-the murky waters
-salvaged
-concealed
-in full view of
-to keel
-an eye-witness account of
-to excavate

Vocabulary (p.46)

1. During winter, the mountain villages are often cut off (=isolated) by heavy snowstorms.
2. No-one expected Collin to organise the end-of-term party by himself but he managed to (= brought it off (=succeeded against expectations) .
3. Ted thinks he knows everything - he's always showing off (=trying to impress people) his expertise.
4. Peterson's career really took off (=began to be successful) following the huge box-office hit of his first feature film.

3.
1.I just can't believe it. I had to read his letter again and again to take it in (=try to understand the meaning)
2.Will you please show them in (=request to call and help) now?
3. Why were the police calling in?

4.But the government has only brought in new measures to help them.

5. He always cuts in whenever someone tries to speak.

What pulls people in to like 'comercial music'?
he police

english

my goals: CAE (VI 2009)
BAC (90%)


'Bossing' ;)

1. I might decide to record that film on video. (of) I am thinking of recording that film on video.
2. What are your plans for this weekend? (to) What are you going to do this weekend?
3. She told me, ‘It’s not necessary for you to book in advance.’ (have) She told me,’You don't have to book in advance.’
4. ‘This camera is not mine,’ he said. (belong) ‘This camera doesn't belong to me,’ he said.
5. The careers officer advised me not to become an actor. (you) ‘If I were you, I wouldn't become an actor,’ the careers officer said.
6. I haven’t been to the cinema since March. (last) The last time I went to the cinema was March.
7. What is the pronunciation of this word? (you) How do you prononounce this word?
8. You must follow the instructions exactly. (be) The instructions must be followed exactly.
9. It’s my responsibility to check the tickets. (for) I am responsible for checking the tickets.
10. ‘Do historical novels interest you?’ he asked Jenny. (was) He asked Jenny if she was interesting In historical novels.
11. The price of the ticket includes refreshments in the interval. (are) Refreshments in the interval are included in the price of the ticket.
12. My sister would rather not go to the party with us. (feel) My sister doesn't feel like going to the party with us.
13. John always puts 100% effort into his work. (hard) John always works as hard as he can.
14. What subject did you like best at school? (favourite) What was your favourite subject at school?
15. How much did that copy of the World Atlas cost you? (price) What was the price of your copy of the World Atlas?
16. Paul likes to do his homework in bed. (enjoys) Paul enjoys doing is homework in bed.
17. You are not allowed to use mobile phones in school. (prohibited) The use of mobile phones is prohibited in school.
18. Tanya has repeatedly borrowed Phil’s book without asking. (keeps) Tanya keeps on borrowing Philip's book without asking.
19. Sally remembers the first time she went to school very clearly. (going) Sally clearly remembers her going to school for the first time.
20. Melanie doesn’t often hand her homework in on time. (rarely) Melanie rarely hands her homework in on time.
21. Learning poetry by heart seems pointless to me. (point) I can’t see the point in learning poetry by heart.
22. Graham hasn’t looked at his old schoolbooks for years. (since) It’s been ages since Graham looked at his old schoolbooks.
23. I decided not to revise for my exam now, but to do it the night before. (put) I decided to put {?} for my exam until the night before.
24. Angela found her Chemistry lessons difficult to understand. (difficulty) Angela had difficulty understanding her Chemistry lessons.
25. Tom did not study hard at school and now he regrets it. (not) Tom did not study {}at school.
26. You must do exactly what your teacher tells you. (carry) You must curry out your teacher's instructions exactly.
27. It’s more than a year since I joined the video club. (member) I have been a member of the video club for more than a year.
28. Darren couldn’t complete the trip to the Pole because he wasn’t well enough. (too) Darren was too ill to complete the trip to the Pole.
29. At the end of the book, the heroine marries the hero, Jack. (name) At the end of the book , the heroine marries the hero, whose name is Jack.
30. Which part of the course interested you most? (the) Which was the most interesting part of your course?
31. You should wait for an invitation before visiting your teacher’s house. (without) You shouldn’t visit your teacher’s house without being invited.
32. The guide gave us permission to take photos in the museum. (let) The guide let us take photos in the museum.
33. Graham’s brother’s bedroom ………………………..as Graham’s. - error
34. Jane was still singing the song when the lights went out. (finished) Jane hadn't finished singing the song when the lights went out.
35. It’s pointless to wait any longer. (use) It’s no use waiting any longer.
36. This is the most beautiful house I have ever seen. (more) I have never seen more beautiful house than this one.
37. I think John will definitely win the competition. (bound) John is bound to win the competition.
38. The band is just going to start playing. (about) The band is about playing.
39. A well-known actor will probably play the hero in the film. (likely) A well-known actor is likely to play the hero in the film.
40. We’ve arranged to meet outside the cinema. (going) We are going to meet outside the cinema.
41. I lose things all the time, which is really irritating! (am) Iam losing things all the time, which is really irritating!
42. The concert should start at 8.30p.m., according to the schedule. (due) The concert is due to start at 8.30p.m.
43. We probably won’t finish our work until tomorrow. (unlikely) We are unlikely to finsish our work until tomorrow.
44. I’m sure they will enjoy the concert. (bound) They are bound to enjoythe concert.
45. The film is unlikely to be a success. (probably) The film will probably not be the a success.
46. You are bound to get seats if you book in advance. (certainly) You will certainly get seats if you book in advance.
47. The actress began working in television in 1999. (been) The actress has been working in television since 1999.
48. How long have you been training to be a dancer? (start) When did you start training to be a dancer?
49. The play only started a couple of minutes ago so we haven’t missed much. (just) The play has just sturted so we haven’t missed much.
50. The ballet company are just finishing a six-month tour. (for) The ballet company has been touring(?) for six months.
51. The actors started rehearsing two months ago. (been) The actors has been rehearsing for two months.
52. It’s almost a year since I last went to the cinema. (to) Ihaven't been to the cinema for almost a year.
53. I have never seen such a terrible film before. (ever) This is the worst film I have ever seen.
54. The theatre first became important in ancient times. (since) The theatre hasn't been important since ancient times.
55. During the journey to Australia, they saw many uninhabited islands. (while) They saw many uninhabited islands while visiting Australia.
56. She was excited because it was her first trip to Africa. (never) She was excited because she has never been to Africa before.
57. Their flight was ten hours long, so they were exhausted when they arrived. (for) When they arrived, they were exhausted because they had been fliying for ten hours.
58. When the sky became dark, the explorers hadn’t yet climbed the mountain. (still) The sky became dark while the explorers were still climbing the mountain.
59. He saw many temples during his job in India. (while) He saw many temples while being in (TO?)India.
60. I haven’t been to France since I was a child. (when) I last was in France when I was a child.
61. They haven’t traveled abroad for ages. (since) It’s ages since I traveled abroad.
62. Will you please send me further details? (grateful) I would be frateful if you send me further details.
63. When should I arrive? (tell) Could you tell me when I should arrive?
64. Do I need insurance? (wonder) I wonder if I need insurance.
65. Is there cheap transport from the airport? (know) I would like to know if there is cheap transport from the airport.
66. Would it be possible to leave a day early? (ask) I am ringing to ask if it would be possible to leave a day early.
67. When do I have to pay for the course? (let) Could you let me know if I have to pay for the course.
68. He rang to ask how I was , which was nice. (him) It was nice of him to ask how I was.
69. If you work hard, you will get to university. (long) You will get to university as long as you work hard.
70. You’ll miss the bus if you don’t hurry up. (unless) You’ll miss the bus unless you hurry up.
71. I haven’t got enough money to pay for my ticket. (more) If I had more money, I could pay for my ticket.
72. Bring a jacket to the barbecue because it might rain. (case) Bring a jacket to the barbecue in case it rains.

- to learn by heart: (6 chapiter, page 80)

NO ONE BELIEVED the accused's explanations about the illegal merchandise during the trial.
The accused's explanations about the illegal merchandise DIDN'T RING TRUE TO ANYONE during the trial.

Tom DECEIVED Sally when he married her as he already had a wife.
Tom married Sally UNDER FALSE PRETENCES as he already had a wife.

Buying poorer quality products at lower prices is not FINANCIALLY SENSIBLE.
It is A FALSE ECONOMY to buy poorer quality products at lower prices.

plod=walk slowly with heavy steps
stagger= walk in an unsteady way
stumble= almost fall over
gaze= look steadily at
glance=look quickly then look away
limp=take a long jump over sth
crawl=move on your hands and knees
march=walk in formation in a parade
creep= walk silently and slowly

I remember being very SELF-CONSCIUS ABOUT my appearance when I was young.
If you want to succed in your life, you need to be COMMITTED TO everything you do.
He seems to be LOST IN a world of his own nowadays.
Despite being understably APPREHENSIVE ABOUT her interview, it went off very well.
The team was EXCITED AT the thought of meeting their opponents in the Cup Final.

-I've no idea but I can find it right away.
-It's no surprise to me, he doesn't know his left from his right.
-I was completely in right and I intend to make an official complaint.
-Wel, for a start , he's got two left feet.
-Only some leftovers from last night's supper, I'm afraid.
-By rights I shouldn't have to work weekends at all, but I'm covering for a collegue. (=I'm standing in for my collegue.)


...led to...
...resulted in...
...was (directly) responsible for...
...had an effect on...
...was the source of...


-interesting collocations:
-soaps come in for a lot of criticism
-moneyspinners
-it attracts so many ardent viewers
-after being left on tenterhooks
-fans have no option but to tune in again next time
-although many people sneer at soaps
-the secret of their success may lay in (the fact that...)
-remaining detached from their trials and tribulations
-many of these provide opportunities for the public to gain 'hands-on' experience under your guidance
-x is a regular participant (in television programmes)
-per annum
-magnificiently resilient
-practically indestructible
-lither spacies of creature
-go extinct
-one curiosity of.. is that...
-was plunging into
-the glorious wheather
-tracing of family ancestries
-deceased
-it can be a pleasantly addictive hobby
-a professional undertaking
-it involves putting flesh on..
-rarely profitable
-x will prove invaluable too
-(don't) put all your faith into
-to claim descent from royalty




-